There are many types of visual field loss, of which homonymous hemianopia is the most common.

Hemianopia is visual field loss that respects the vertical midline, and usually affects both eyes. Homonymous hemianopia occurs when there is hemianopic visual field loss on the same side of both eyes. Hemianopias occur because the right half of the brain has visual pathways for the left hemifield of both eyes, and the left half of the brain has visual pathways for the right hemifield of both eyes.